An international effort to analyze the entire database of ebola virus genomes from the 202016 west african epidemic reveals insights into factors that sped or slowed the rampage and calls for using realtime sequencing and datasharing to contain future viral disease outbreaks. During one stretch of 17 years 19771994 not a single confirmed human death from. Ebola virus is the causative agent of ebola hemorrhagic fever ehf, a disease affecting humans and other primates. Their findings could have important implications for rapid field diagnostic tests. Genome sequencing in viral outbreaks is desirable to. Previous evd outbreaks were confined to remote regions of central africa. Scientists in china sequenced the viruss genome and made it. The ebola glycoprotein has the task binding to receptors on a cell surface and getting the ebola genome inside. A bigpicture look at the worlds worst ebola epidemic. Four of the six known ebolaviruses, including ebov, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as ebola virus disease evd. Antiebola therapy for patients with ebola virus disease. The viral genomes resource is a collection of viral genomic sequences that is a part of the entrez genomes, which provides curated sequence data and annotations of complete genomes to the scientific community. Seeking the source of ebola national geographic society. The mechanisms of attachment and entry of the virus are not clear, but are assumed to be similar to those of other strand rna viruses, such as influenza virus.
Ebola virus disease evd, or simply ebola, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Zaire ebolavirus, more commonly known as ebola virus i. Ebola virus have a negativesense, nonsegmented single stranded linear rna genome about 1819 kb in size. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Ebola virus, being highly pathogenic for humans and nonhuman primates and the subject of former weapons programmes, is now one of the most feared pathogens worldwide. We also want to compare the new outbreak genome sequencing to genomes isolated from. The nucleocapsid is surrounded by an outer viral envelope studded with viral glycoprotein gp spikes, and viral proteins vp40 and vp24 sit between the nucleocapsid and the envelope. Search for virus genomic sequences and related information. They describe the outputs of an international response, working with local scientists, using incountry, wholegenome sequencing. Virus pathogen database and analysis resource vipr. In the midst of the health crisis, nextgeneration sequencing ngs. Realtime, portable genome sequencing for ebola surveillance. Negativestranded rna linear genome, about 1819 kb in size.
The sequence entries are richly annotated and fully searchable through several search interfaces. Elucidating variations in the nucleotide sequence of ebola. An epidemic of ebola virus disease is occurring in western africa on a scale not seen before, particularly in the countries of guinea, liberia, and sierra leone. When i was a postdoc, my job was to sequence the genome of polio virus. This genus consists of five distinct species recognized by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses ictv. Sequence analysis tools are available for analyses of search results and user sequences. It shares many of the features of other viral fusion proteins, such as influenza hemagglutinin and hiv envelope glycoprotein. The authors analyzed changes in the viral sequence and conclude that the current outbreak probably. Structure, genome, epidemiology, transmission, replication, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, lab diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Ebolaviruses cause a severe and often fatal haemorrhagic fever in humans, with some species such as ebola virus having case fatality rates approaching 90%. Currently, the worst ebola virus outbreak since the disease was discovered is occurring in west africa. Whole genome of novel coronavirus, 2019ncov, sequenced. Virus genome analysis has played a bigger role in understanding the west african ebola epidemic than for any other infectious disease outbreak for two reasons.
You can search for the whole virus family or search for specified genus, species etc. Genomic sequencing for early identification of ebola virus remains a big challenge in lowincome countries. The nucleotide substitution rate was consistent with rates estimated from past central african outbreaks. Mutation rate and genotype variation of ebola virus from. The continued spread is facilitated by insufficient medical facilities, poor sanitation, travel, and unsafe burial practices. In contrast, analysis of sequence data from early in the outbreak indicated. In your own words, why is it important to examine the sequence of the ebola virus genome during an outbreak. Ebola virus is filamentous, enveloped measuring 800nm length and 80 nm in diameter which have. The intergenic regions were composed of 4 to 7 nucleotides, and of 2 characteristic overlaps and a long intergenic region.
The ebola virus first appeared in the continent of africa, and the 20142016 outbreak in west africa was the largest and most complex ebola outbreak since the virus was first discovered in 1976. Anti ebola therapy for patients with ebola virus disease. Enter a comma or space separated list of sequence accessions or upload text file with this list. Ebola viruscentered knowledge base database oxford.
Roles of yigl sequence of ebola virus vp40 on genome. The complete genome of the causative agent, a variant from the zaireebolavirus species, denoted ebola virus muyembe, was obtained using nextgeneration sequencing. Africas scientists have to pick testing over genome. Genome sequence files and select annotations 2bit, gtf, gccontent, etc annotations. This data represents the first comprehensive genetic analysis for a representative isolate of the sudan species of ebola virus. You can also find your strain or genome record if you have its information, such as strain name, accession. People were saying this is probably the most important ebola genome sequence that has been generated thus far, ladner says, because they hoped it. The ebola virus disease epidemic in west africa is the largest on record, responsible for over 28,599 cases and more than 11,299 deaths1. The ssrna genome of ebola virus is arranged in 7 separate units. Retrospective versus realtime ebola virus sequencing. Although thought to be a zoonotic infection, a concern is that with increasing numbers of humans being infected, ebola virus variants. Genome sequencing in viral outbreaks is desirable in order to characterize the infectious agent to determine its evolutionary rate, signatures of host adaptation, identification and monitoring of diagnostic targets and responses to vaccines and treatments. The deduced transcriptional signals were highly conserved among ebola viruses except for the stop signal of l genes. Responding rapidly to the deadly outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in west africa, a team of researchers from the broad institute and harvard university, working with the sierra leone ministry of health and sanitation and researchers elsewhere, has sequenced and analyzed many ebola virus genomes.
The current outbreak started in february 2014 in guinea, west africa and spread into liberia in march. Several patients diagnosed with ebola virus disease in africa have been evacuated to the united states for. Feldmannsequence analysis of the marburg virus nucleoprotein gene. The incubation period for ehf is 221 days and typical early symptoms include fever, chills, malaise, and myalgia, followed by the onset of symptoms indicative of multiorgan stress and subsequent failure. Ebola virus has caused the majority of human deaths from evd, and was the cause of the.
The link to download the liftover source is located in the source and utilities downloads section. Ebola outbreak traced to the funeral of traditional healer. Genome sequencing in viral outbreaks is desirable in order to characterize the infectious agent to determine its evolutionary rate, signatures of host adaptation, identification and monitoring of diagnostic targets and responses to vaccines and. Morikawa1 1 special pathogens laboratory, department of virology 1, national institute of infectious diseases, tokyo, japan 2 department of biomedical. Has rapid mutation produced alarming new virus characteristics in the 202015 ebola virus outbreak in west africa. The institut pasteur has sequenced the whole genome of the coronavirus known as 2019ncov, becoming the first institution in europe to sequence the virus since the start of the outbreak. Nigeria also has a similar world banksupported center where the first sequence of the sarscov2 virus was done in africa. Fast genomic sequencing can help stop spread of a virus. Genome search virus pathogen database and analysis. Ebov, is one of six known species within the genus ebolavirus. Ebola virus ebov is a member of the species zaire ebolavirus and is one of the five known viruses within the genus ebolavirus. Dna sleuths read the coronavirus genome, tracing its.
It extends from the surface of the virus, and is covered with carbohydrate chains that hide it from the immune system. Read the background reading provided and answer the questions below. Since a 1976 outbreak in what then was zaire now the democratic republic of the congo and a simultaneous episode with a closely related virus in what was then southern sudan now south sudan, the sequence of ebola events, large and small, has been sporadic. Ebola virus ebv is a filamentous, enveloped, and nonsegmented negativesense rna virus that belongs to the genus ebolavirus in the family filoviridae with a genome length of 18. Roles of yigl sequence of ebola virus vp40 on genome replication and particle production shuzo urata 1,2, takeshi ishikawa 3, jiro yasuda 1,2,4 view affiliations hide affiliations. The genome organization of the sudan species is nearly identical to that of the zaire species, but the presence of a gene overlap between gp and vp30 genes and a longer trailer sequence distinguish it from that of. Diversity, evolution, and epidemiology of hiv are directly relevant to hiv transmission and pathogenesis.
Accounting for population structure reveals ambiguity in. A codingcomplete genome sequence of ebov that was isolated during this outbreak showed 99. Ebola virus particles have at their core a viral nucleocapsid composed of a helical single stranded rna genome wrapped around viral proteins np, vp35, vp30, and l. Complete genome sequence of a new ebola virus strain. Handson activity ebola disease detectives educator. We determined the complete genome sequence of ebola virus subtype reston ebor in the philippines in 1996.
Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic. Four of these viruses bdbv, ebov, sudv and tafv cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever, called ebola. Wip analysis of ebola virus genome crowdsourcing github. Global hiv wholegenome sequencing would provide a treasure chest of data to answer many questions still open in these fields. Genomic surveillance elucidates ebola virus origin and. The ebola virus disease evd epidemic in west africa is the largest on record, responsible for 28,599 cases and 11,299 deaths 1. Wip analysis of ebola virus genome crowdsourcing in this wiki we aim to gather all the results of the analysis of the ebola virus strains responsible for recent outbreaks in 2014. Longitudinal analysis of host transcriptome response in wholeblood from cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with vsvebov 28, 21, 14, 7, and 3 days before ebov challenge.
Structure of ebola virus online microbiology notes. The hiv sequence database contains all published and many unpublished hiv and siv sequences. Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. As the massive outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in west africa wanes, it has become increasingly clear that thousands of survivors have many sequelae, some of which might be very severe, such as arthritis and visionthreatening uveitis. The 20142016 ebola virus epidemic spread through guinea, liberia, sierra leone and nigeria, with devastating consequences. Complete genome sequence of an ebola virus sudan species. Pdf realtime, portable genome sequencing for ebola. The location of the coding region for each protein in shown in lower panel. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an ebola virus strain obtained during the 2017 likati outbreak in the democratic republic of the congo drc by using the oxford nanopore technologies ont minion sequencer. The mental health effects of evd on survivors and other family and community members is similarly profound.